Maturitní otázka číslo 3.

Health

Introduction

We need the doctor, when we are ill, or when we are hurt, or when something happens with our body - we can have a crash, broken leg, arm ... Especially in the winters months we need the doctor, because a lot of us suffer from cold, flu, fever...

Illnesses


Children

scarlet fever – spála

polio – dětská obrna

measles – spalničky

german measles – zarděnky

mumps – příušnice

pox - neštovice

Serious

cancer – rakovina

encephalitis – zánět mozkových blan

diphteria – záškrt

hepatitis – žloutenka

plague – mor

cholera, AIDS

meningokok

Infectious

tonsillitis – angína

flu – chřipka

bronchitis – zánět průdušek

pneuminia – zápal plic

cold – nachlazení

sore-throat – bolení v krku


First aid

try the pulse, try the breathing, put the head up, stick the tongue (the person can suffocate = zadusit se), stop bleeding by pressing special points, artificial respiration, make a plaster – two brunches and a line or scarf

when someone fainted – cold water, send him out, fresh air, sit down


Types of doctor

general practitioner   všeobecný lékař

paediatrician               pediatr

dentist                         zubař

dermatologist             kožní lékař

orthopaedist               ortoped

gynaecologist            gynekolog

optician                       optik                                                                                              

neurologist                 neurolog

ENT specialist            ušní, nosní, krční

surgeon                       chirurg

psychologist              psycholog

vet                                zvěrolékař

Medicines

pills                              pilulky

tablets                          prášky

injection                      injekce

ointment                      mast

solution                       roztok

drops                           kapky

gargle                           kloktadlo

 

 


Prevention

Live healthy lifestyle, eat healthy food – vegetables, fruit, have a lot of vitamins, do some sport, breath fresh air, keep hygienic laws, wear warm clothes, avoid stress, keep fit, no smoking, alcohol, drugs

Going to the doctor

· at first we go to see the GP (general practitioner), who can send us to the specialist, but before that, he does some examinations

· the doctor has to know, which problem you suffer from - the doctor asks you some questions:

- What seems to be the trouble?

- How have you been feeling recently?

- When did you first notice this?

· after the questions the doctor gives you some orders:

- Let’s take to look at you.

- Put out your tongue.

- Does it hurt?

- Strip to the waist, please.

- Open your… please.

- Take off your… please.

- Take a deep breath.

- Stop breathing.

· the doctor can take you some suggestions

- Try to cut down on cigarettes/alcohol.

- You ought to do more exercise, eat less fat, stop working so hard, relax at home, eat a balanced diet, …

Your doctor can …

- examine you

- take your pulse

- take your temperature, with a thermometer

- listen to your heartbeat, with a stethoscope

- test your reflexes, with a hammer

- give you a check-up

- take your blood pressure

- give you some pills to take

- give you some ointment to rub in to your back, to put on your back

- give you a prescription

- give you an injection (using a syringe)

- refer you to a specialist

- send you to have an X-ray

- ask you to make another appointment

What you have to do, when you are ill?

Symptoms – You feel rotten, shivery, with an aching head, limbs, you are sweeting, you have lost your appetite, feel sick.

· stay indoors, keep warm, and keep away from other people as much as possible

· have plenty of cool drinks – water, fruit drinks, milky drinks (about 2-3 liters a day)

· if you feel shivery over 38°C or aches or pains, try taking aspirin every 4 hours during the day

· rest in the bed if you can

· try to have 3 light meals a day. But don’t force yourself to eat if you’ve lost your appetite

Private doctor or state doctor?

· It depends on our preferences. We can chose the best one and it could be private, but state doctor, too.

· everybody must be insured in our state and basic medical care should be unpaid

· but at the specialist or by the private doctors we have to pay for some special treatment

 

Problems in general, in our country

Hospitals – not very good, no place, badly equipped, expensive, bad food

Paying – medicaments are expensive, insurance companies do not want to pay them, sometimes doctors want to have profit from selling medicaments

Insurance – everybody must be insured, expensive, some companies do not do what they should – they promise sth. and then said that it is for some another people…

people can not be ill, they could lose their job or they won’t get money

incurable diseases – AIDS, cancer – people try to find the medicine of to slow down the illness

North Bohemia, Ostrava – smog, bad air, vocational diseases (z povolání)

 


temperature                 teplota                                                                                           

swallow                       polykat                                                                                                                        

hoarse                          ochraptělý

cold                              rýma

feel dizzy                     mít závrať

faint                              mdloba

unconsciousness      bezvědomí

be exhausted              být vyčerpaný

rash                              vyrážka

blister                           puchýř

bruise                           modřina

black eye                     monokl

sprain ankle                vymknutý kotník

stretch muscle            natažený sval

hurt                              zranit

bleed                            krvácet

feel sick                       cítit se špatně

be sick                         stonat

plaster                          náplast, sádra

filling                            plomba

put in a filling             zaplombovat

sting                             dát žihadlo

injure                            zranění

ailment                         onemocnění

prevention                  prevence

symptom                     příznak

diagnosis                    diagnóza

cure                              vyléčit

treatment                     léčba

injection                      injekce

prescription                recept

to prescribe                 předepsat

medicine                      lék

scratch                         škrábnutí                                                                                      

stab                              bodnutí

vaccine                        vakcína

wound                         zranění

disease                        choroba

contagious                  nakažlivý

cough                          kašel

fever                             horečka

hypochondriac           hypochondr, -ický

malignant                    zhoubný

tumour                         nádor

solution                       roztok

rebandage                   převaz

ambulance car            sanitka

stretcher                      nosítka

crutches                      berle

respiration                   dýchání

to X-ray                       rentgenovat

to bleed                       krvácet

bump                            boule

fatal                              smrtelný

lethal                            smrtelný

bandage                      obvaz

disinfectant                 desinfekce

cotton wool                vata

pure spirit                    čistý líh

acid                              kyselina

tick                               klíště

to transfer                   přenášet

virus                             vir

antibiotics                   antibiotika

nurse                            zdravotní sestra

surgery                        vytřovna

hospital ward              pokoj v nemocnici

operating theatre       operační sál

 

ilnesses:

cold                              rýma

influenza, flu               chřipka

tonsillitis                     angína

diphtheria                    záškrt

scarlet                          spála

infantile paralysis      dětská obrna

sunstroke                    úpal, úžeh

hepatitis                      žloutenka

bronchitis                    zánět průdušek

otitis                             zánět středního ucha

pneumonia                  zápal plic

measles                        spalničky

German measles         zarděnky

mumps                         příušnice

cancer                          rakovina

encephalitis                zánět mozkových blan

diarrhoea                     průjem

plague                          mor